脑梗死的防治
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脑梗死的防治
“脑梗”看似只是脑部的小问题,然而这背后却隐藏着大危害。脑梗出现后治疗比较困难,还有一定后遗症存在,比如偏瘫、生活不能自理等情况,严重的脑梗还导致患者的猝死。
脑梗死的临床表现
◆面部表现:面部不对称、口角歪斜,是早期脑梗塞最常见的症状。
◆双手表现:双手平伸,如一侧无力、落下或无法抬起,则应高度警惕。
◆语言表现:言语不清、失语、发音困难,或出现短暂的判断或智力障碍、嗜睡。
◆视力表现:视物模糊或视野缺损,看东西不完整,这种现象多在一小时内自行恢复,是较早的脑梗塞预报信号。
◆突发性头痛头晕:头晕、头痛突然加重或由间断性头痛变为持续性剧烈头痛。
点击边框调出视频工具条amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;nbsp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;mpchecktextid=amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;7_0.amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/mpchecktextamp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;mpchecktextid=amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;5_0.amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;a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详细内容点击上面的音频收听!!!
脑梗死的治疗
由于脑梗死是轻易反复发作的慢性疾病,所以对于脑梗塞的治疗目的有两点:
一是改善脑梗死带来的症状,如肢体障碍甚至偏瘫,语言不利甚至失语等;
二是防止复发。脑梗塞患者都应该坚持进行以口服用药为主的康复治疗。
不主张定期输液,目前尚无证据表明每年定期输液能预防脑梗死的复发,故我们不主张定期输液。
另外。应在医生指导下服用药物不要自作主张,以免导致不良后果。
脑梗死的防治原则
1、改变不良生活方式:
1)彻底戒烟,控制饮酒量。
2)控制体重,应通过控制饮食(尤其是高能量的食物)和体育锻炼控制体重。
3)膳食营养要均衡,多吃蔬菜、水果和谷类食品,减少饱和脂肪酸和胆固醇的摄入;食盐摄入每天控制在6克以下。
4)坚持锻炼能降低20%的复发危险,每天至少进行30分钟中度体力活动,例如散步、慢跑、太极拳、骑自行车等,每周5-7次。
5)调整自己的心态,正确对待自己和他人,尽量保持积极、豁达、轻松的心情,对于有抑郁倾向者应加用抗抑郁药物治疗。
2、治疗合并症:
高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病、冠心病等都是脑梗死的危险因素。对伴发高血压的脑梗塞患者应控制血压到/90mmHg以下。总胆固醇中的低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死关系密切,所以脑梗死患者不应只看总胆固醇水平,应同时检查高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白。高密度脂蛋白应大于50毫克/毫升,低密度脂蛋白应小于毫克/毫升。
3、坚持抗血小板药物治疗:
除了心脏原因如房颤引起的脑栓塞患者需要长期口服华法令预防再栓塞外,动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者需要终生口服抗血小板药物预防再梗死。
4、定期查体和
患脑梗死后,患者应定时检查血压、心电图、血糖和血脂等,并根据自己的检查结果咨询医师,帮助解决遇见的各种问题。
莫错过黄金抢救期
脑梗可能造成偏瘫、失语等严重的残疾甚至死亡,其病因往往是由于血栓堵塞了颅内重要的血管,导致脑组织梗死。
因此,治疗脑梗塞的关键是血管再通、恢复血流。我们常说时间就是生命,神经介入就是与时间赛跑,神经介入适用于急性期脑梗死,所以发现病人有脑梗的症状,一定要在8小医院进行抢救,可最大程度恢复脑细胞,将后遗症发生的可能性降到最小,甚至完全无后遗症。
所以在发病后送医院对患者的康复至关重要。李宗树建议平时多锻炼身体,并定期就医检查血脂、脑CT、血压、血粘度等,养成良好的生活习惯,戒烟戒酒。脑梗有一定的遗传性,但并非绝对,所以父母亲人中有患有脑梗的人,不必过于紧张,做好预防很重要。
脑梗塞是一种致残率很高的疾病,如不及时治疗,很多人有着不同程度的偏瘫、肢体运动出现严重的不协调、智力减退、眩晕、失语等后遗症直接影响脑梗塞患者的生活质量,给家庭和工作带来了很大的困难。
但脑梗塞后遗症并非不治之症,康复训练可以加快恢复的速度和改善恢复的程度,但需要坚持长期合理正确的锻炼。
专家介绍
李宗树
医学博士
医院神经内二科副主任。
中国卒中学会国际培训学院青年导师;
吉林省医师协会神经介入分会副主任委员;
吉林省卒中学会神经介入分会常委;
吉林省医学会神经病学分会青委会副主任委员。
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